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Even if you’ve never had a root canal, chances are you’re familiar with the term. Like most people, you probably associate with an unpleasant dentist visit. And pain—a whole lot of pain.

While the latter part isn’t necessarily true about the procedure itself, it may be what makes you schedule a root canal in the first place. A damaged tooth in need of a root canal may result in further pain, damage, or a dental emergency.

Here’s what experts want you to know about getting a root canal, including how long it takes, how much it costs, and more.

What is a root canal?

A root canal is a treatment for a severely damaged or decaying tooth, or for serious tooth infection or abscess (a pocket of pus often caused by an infection).

The root canal treatment serves to repair and salvage your tooth instead of removing it.

Why might you need a root canal?

According to Helen Martinez-Barron, a dentist at Pearland Family Dentistry in the Houston area, when the bacteria from a cavity, crack, or trauma causes pulp exposure, a root canal becomes necessary.

The pulp includes nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue at the core of the crown above the gum and in the roots that extend into the jaw.

During dental work, such as getting a filling or crown, the pulp can become inflamed. This increases in likelihood with more-invasive procedures or the removal of larger cavities. And it makes it more likely you’ll need a root canal.

Do you need to prepare for the procedure?

Dr. Martinez-Barron doesn’t typically give her patients any specific recommendations prior to a root canal because it’s a relatively short, minimally invasive procedure.

“One suggestion I might make is to wear comfortable clothes since they’ll be in the chair an hour or two,” she says. “Also, be prepared with some sort of pain control. I usually recommend over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen or naproxen and very rarely prescribe any controlled substances.”

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